Smartphones have become an important part of daily life, but they do not last forever. In the past, when a phone's battery became weak or its screen cracked, many people simply bought a brand-new one. This habit created a huge amount of electronic waste, because old phones contain materials that are difficult and expensive to recycle. Recently, however, some companies have started to design phones that are much easier to ( 1 ).
These new phones are built so that their parts can be taken out and changed by the owner. If the battery no longer holds power, the user can open the phone and replace just the battery, ( 2 ) buying a whole new device. The same is true for the screen and the camera. Some companies even sell the necessary tools and replacement parts on their websites, together with simple, step-by-step instructions that almost anyone can follow at home.
There are several reasons why repairable phones are becoming more popular. They save users money, and they reduce waste, which is better for the environment. Governments in some countries are also encouraging the idea by passing new laws about how products should be made. ( 3 ), companies there may soon be required to sell devices that last longer and are easy to fix. Many experts believe that this change will be good for both customers and the planet. Repairing a phone also keeps valuable materials, such as the small amount of gold inside it, from being thrown away as waste. Because the parts fit together so simply, a repair that once required a trip to a shop can now be done at home in just a few minutes.
(1) 正解 1. repair
段落全体が「部品を交換して直しやすいスマホ」の話。「もっと簡単に〜できるスマホ」に入るのは repair(修理する)。
(2) 正解 1. instead of
「電池だけを交換できる、まるごと新しい機器を買う(代わりに)」という対比。instead of が正解。
(3) 正解 1. In the future
前文で「政府が新しい法律で後押ししている」と述べ、空所の後は「やがて義務づけられるかもしれない」と将来の予測。In the future が正解。
artificial:人工の
made by people, not natural(自然でなく人が作った)
cycle:周期
a set of events that happen again and again in the same order(同じ順序でくり返し起こる一連の出来事)
hatch:ふ化する
to come out of an egg(卵から出てくる)
electronic waste:電子ごみ
old computers and phones that are thrown away(捨てられる古いコンピューターやスマホ)
replace:取り替える
to put a new thing in place of an old one(古いものの代わりに新しいものを置く)
device:機器
a machine made for a particular purpose(ある目的のために作られた機械)
volunteer:ボランティア
a person who works without being paid(報酬をもらわずに働く人)
species:種(しゅ)
a group of living things of the same kind(同じ種類の生き物の集まり)