Every year, an enormous amount of food is thrown away around the world. Some of it is wasted in people's homes, but a great deal is also lost in shops, restaurants, and on farms. This is a serious problem, because growing and moving food uses large amounts of water, energy, and land. When perfectly good food is thrown away, all of these valuable resources are （ 1 ）. For this reason, more and more people are now looking for clever ways to reduce food waste.
One popular idea is a smartphone app that connects shops directly with customers. At the end of the day, a bakery or a supermarket often has food that it cannot sell but that is still completely safe to eat. （ 2 ） throwing this food away, the shop offers it on the app at a much lower price. Customers who live nearby can then buy a box or a bag of food for far less than usual. In this way, the shop earns a little money, and good food does not go to waste.
Another idea is to give extra food to people who need it. （ 3 ）, some restaurants and supermarkets now send their unsold meals and vegetables to local charities. These charities then share the food with families who do not have enough to eat. Schools and offices are also learning to order only what they will really use. Together, all of these small actions can make a surprisingly large difference. They show that reducing food waste is something everyone, from large companies to ordinary families, can help with. A little care when we shop and cook can save both money and valuable resources.
（1） 正解 2. wasted as well
前文で「食べ物を作り運ぶのに水・エネルギー・土地を使う」とあり、捨てればそれらの資源も同様にむだになる。wasted as well が正解。
（2） 正解 1. Instead of
「この食べ物を捨てる代わりに、店はアプリで安く提供する」という対比。Instead of が正解。
（3） 正解 1. For example
後で「売れ残りを慈善団体に送るレストランもある」と具体例が続く。For example が正解。
release：放出する
to let something out（外に出すこと）
shade：日陰
an area out of direct sunlight（直射日光が当たらない場所）
resource：資源
something useful such as water or energy（水やエネルギーなど役に立つもの）
charity：慈善団体
a group that helps people in need（困っている人を助ける団体）
confirm：確認する
to say that something is definitely true or correct（間違いないと知らせる）
nerve cell：神経細胞
a cell that carries signals in the body（体内で信号を運ぶ細胞）
recognize：見分ける
to know someone you have seen before（以前に見た相手だとわかる）
appearance：見た目
the way someone or something looks（人や物の見え方）